Well, strictly speaking you're not pumping 9V or 12V into the battery, the charging voltage of current generation smartphone Li-Ion batteries is 4.4V and typically the charge rate is 1C.
And just pumping say 9 volts isn't a problem, the amount of current and as a result, the power is.
The heat comes from the stepdown process which is done by the PMIC onboard the device.
What OPPO did with their VOOC, which is what OnePlus is using btw, they just relocated that problem elsewhere (the charger) and in the process are wasting a fuckload of power inside the cable, relatively speaking.
Since, you know, Quick Charge wasn't invented with faster charging in mind, per se. It just happens to enable faster charging in the same process while improving the overall efficiency.
What was the problem Qualcomm was trying to solve?
Even though copper is a good conductor, it still has resistance.
And what's the cable users usually use with their devices?
OEM cables. And what's the business model of said OEM's?
Make profit. That means the cables are done as cheap as humanly possible while keeping the perceived quality and using as little precious copper as possible.
So instead of jamming 4 amps worth of angry pixies down a pipe, that's your OPPO VOOC / OnePlus Dash Charge, QC ups the voltage instead and transfers the power more efficiently across to the device where it's then stepped down.
Keep the same output power from the charger but increase the voltage instead. Thanks to ohm's law, current drops down. Less current, less voltage drop across the cable.
And voilá, we have Quick Charge. Green Charge wouldn't have been a catchy marketing name, would it :D
I mean, take your average Joe's USB cable as an example, usually that means 26AWG power conductors.
If you're jamming 5V4A across a 1 meter cable, you're going to loose over 20% of the power in that generic cable, about 4.3W to be exact..
Now take your usual stepdown circuit and give it a reasonable 90% efficiency, there, you lost another 10% of the original power. Lost 30% of the original.
20W sent into the cable, 15.7W received at the other end and in the end usable power is 14.1W. 70% efficiency.
Now let's go ahead and use QC with the same 26AWG / 1 meter cable. 9V 2A across, 6% is lost or 1.08W wasted as heat.
18W sent across the cable, 16.92W received, and after stepdown 15.228W usable. 84.6% efficiency.
Now multiply 3W by, let's say 100 million devices and use a duration of 30 minutes. That's one hell of a whollop of energy wasted for absolutely nothing. (~3W being the diff. between VOOC/QC3.0 in the above calc.)
Thankfully Qualcomm made it first with their QC. And it's everywhere at this point.
I'll personally take QC 3.0 anyday over VOOC despite my HTC 10 feeling a bit warm thanks to it's internal layout. It's a bit of a heat trap unfortunately.
a) I can use whatever the cable I want* and pretty much not have to worry about the charging speed (or efficiency) thanks to the adaptive transfer voltage
b) Did I already say it's everywhere? Let's see about the 3rd party offerings...looks like the number of manufacturers and products is a fuckload. Now let's see for VOOC or Dash Charge, oh wait it's 100% closed and proprietary, no 3rd party products available. That's a shame.
*I'm such a conscient person about efficiency that I even purchased a USB cable with 20AWG conductors for my HTC 10. A bit crazy I must admit.
Good to hear.
Rude? Well my apologies (really) if it came across that way, the sole reason I posted was just to correct the information given. It just ticks me off when people don't have the decency or time or effort or whatever the reason is to make sure what they're saying is correct (oh wait, this is the internet..) and occasionally that translates into how I write something.