I'm looking to get into programming but I am still a total noobler, I'm just starting out, from a little research I did i decided i'm probably going to start from c++. my question is : do I need a really good pc for basic introductory stuff on programming? my higher spec pc has had a few problems lately which havent been yet resolved, it has an amd 8350 fx, 8 gb of ram ,120 gb ssd, water cooling etc and i was wondering if i could beggin with programming on my "everyday" machine that i just built (amd A6-5400k, 4gb 1600mhz crucial ballistix ram, 120gb ssd, 1tb 7200rpm hdd and a pretty good msi mobo) cause i am having some trouble with the gpu in the other one and dont know when i am going to be able to fix it.
All you need to write code is a computer than has enough memory to store a notepad. You could code on a 10 year old shit laptop as long as it turns on and the keyboard works. You don't need anything special. If you want to make games that, you'll need a computer that isa powerful enough to run whatever game you're coding. The parts you've listed are absolutely fine for what you want to do.
There is no such thing as hardware requirement for programming. All you need basically is a more modern computer, knowledge, time and that's it. C++ can be coded in any platform, providing that you have the right software to do that type of language.
Hardware does not matter, but I hear that linux distros (like Ubuntu) is what you should turn to for programming.
If you are a beginner programmer and you learn how to create simple console applications, any computer from 2005-... would be an overkill. For larger projects like a internet browser, an Office Suite, an OS(!),etc , you should buy a good CPU, a relative fast storage device and a good kit of RAM(dual/quad channel or whatever your motherboard supports), in order to reduce the compiling time. Also very important is to have peripherals that serve you the best. Find a good quality and comforting keyboard and "learn" it very well. Add a couple of big monitors. Also learn how to "type blind" (it may be a pain in the ass at first with languages like c, c++, java, not so much with HTML, but believe me it worths the time and the effort ).
Note: For some specific IDE a good OpenGL/(whatever else) perfomer would be quite helpful, but if you need that, that you probably know it.
It has been said already, but more important than potent hardware are ergonomic peripherals. Sooner or later, when you are deep into a problem, the hours will fly by quickly. So get a good keyboard with a wrist rest and mouse and a nice monitor which you can set up to around 140 cd/m² so you dont get a headache after a few hours.
By the way, the Raspberry Pi was designed to get children coding again and it is albsolutely sufficient to learn the basics.
Doesn't really matter so long as its got enough ram for the ide/text editor you want to use and a working keyboard. Heck a cheap craptop from your local pawn shop is probably enough, be it with windows or linux since os doesn't matter for beginners, just get something you are comfortable working on.