[SOLVED]
This is a gravedig, but I am posting for reference purposes.
I did make progress. I managed to get all three file systems types (NTFS, Mac OS (Extended, Journaled), and Ext4), each with their own partition, with either MBR or GUID, onto a single external USB drive, recognized by Windows 7, (I assume the same for 8, but I have tested with 8.1 for sure).
So much later, I managed to get my hands on a 4GB USB drive, and this is what made things work. This issue that occurs, appears to be related to the size of the USB drive. Higher sizes appear to have this issue.
I do not a USB drive, or multiple USB drives greater than 4 GB, but less than 16 GB to test with, and narrow down further.
Regardless, I consider this a major accomplishment. I hope individuals that may be stuck between operating systems may find this information useful.