I have had very similar-sounding problems. Frustrating, isn’t it? Every upgrade I hold my breath and cross my fingers.
Anyway, for me at least, 530 from rpmfusion-nonfree and cuda are working at the moment.
$ dnf list installed | grep nvidia
akmod-nvidia.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
kmod-nvidia-6.3.8-200.fc38.x86_64.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @@commandline
nvidia-persistenced.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
nvidia-settings.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda-libs.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-kmodsrc.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-libs.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-power.x86_64 3:530.41.03-1.fc38 @rpmfusion-nonfree
OS: Fedora Linux 38 (KDE Plasma) x86_64
Kernel: 6.3.8-200.fc38.x86_64
DE: Plasma 5.27.5
WM: kwin
Theme: [Plasma], Breeze [GTK2/3]
Icons: [Plasma], breeze-dark [GTK2/3]
CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (24) @ 4.700GHz
GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090
Memory: 2847MiB / 31811MiB