I'm not really sure what the best CPU for such a server would be, but is that server going to run 24/7? If that's the case I wouldn't look into overclocking at all, since power consumption, heat and possibly instability could really ruin it for you as a private person IMO.
Sandy bridge still overclocks the best. If you can find an i5 2500k on the cheap you can probably overclock the hell out of it and get the best performance per buck. However, my common sense still tells me to recommend you something more power efficient.
you really dont need insane clocks for minecraft servers, and the alternative jars (bukkit, spigot, forge in some way, MCPC+) are decently good at multi thread.
i'd suggest getting an i3 near the 3GHz range, if you really want to squeeze performance out of it you should look into spigot/MCPC+ more than you should look into overclocking. (MCPC+ runs about 5-10% smoother than forge).
all of these tests are my personal experience with hosting minecraft servers (all modded) and may vary with different hardware, and especially with different minecraft setups.
i'm gonna be that guy stating something ridiculous, but i have been hosting FTB tech world 2 on a single core 1GHz without lag.
Nothing in minecraft is truly multicore, but it can more or less split its tasks, if you are gonna do some crazy stuff i'd suggest splitting things over seperate worlds (mystcraft void age for ex.), as each world runs in a seperate thread (ish).
i'd suggest looking into i3, or (preferably) i5.
I personally use MCPC+ for my server, which aims to combine forge mods with spigot's INSANE optimalization. at one point i tested the difference between the default FTB jar and MCPC+, and on my (very crappy) server ms per tick went down from 70-ish to around 10-ish (basicly going from terrible lag to perfectly smooth). Also: if i recall correctly, spigot has been messing with multi-threading for a while, so it might be worth checking out.
Ivy Bridge vs Sandy Bridge is about 10% faster on the same clock speeds. Haswell vs Ivy Bridge is 5% - 10% faster. The difference between Sandy and Haswell is definitely there, but Sandy Bridge also overclocks way better. If you can get an i5 2500k for pretty cheap then it's better from a price/performance standpoint. It's still a very capable CPU.
That's a little dumb for me to due as most of those racks use older 4 core Xeons anyways. I would be better off getting an i5 and overclocking for better performance, in my opinion.
Minecraft itself puts most of the load on one core (a few extras spread across the others), so I am looking for the most performance per core.
Unless you can actually find a rack that proves otherwise--
Minecraft is actually Heavy on the RAM, more than the CPU. I've ran several minecraft servers. The ram is always the limiter.
The CPU is important, but you are holding the requirement too high. I run my server with 189 mods installed.
Also, you said you did not mind using older socket types. So don't say something like that, then say you don't want to use something because it is "older". I top out at about 3% CPU usage. Which is about 24% of one core.
You dont need a really strong CPU for a server. you need ram. TONS of ram. I gave my server 10GB of it, and it is constantly using about 5.
you /do/ need a strong CPU for keeping your TPS at 20 with a couple big tech setups. its not the number of mods that cause high cpu usage, its what you decide to do with them. Even vanilla stuff can cause lag, for example redstone: its not a problem if theres great amounts on your map, the issue is when you make it all blink, and have the server process circuits. (redstone ALU for ex.)
Also: if you give minecraft more ram, it will use more. For tekkit (OP's modpack of choice) 4-8GB allocated will be plenty, and having 4 cores at ~3-4GHz will ensure smooth sailing no matter what kind of insane builds you are up to.
I must say your rack server idea sounds like a steal, and if one is available for that price that'd be my best bet as well, since those parts are meant to be running 24/7, and (captain obvious incoming) rack server hardware is designed for server use, while the average i5 isnt.